This study investigates how native Spanish speakers and learners of Spanish at advanced and intermediate levels understand the use of the Spanish copulas ser and estar. These verbs are both translated to 'to be' in English, but they are used in different contexts in Spanish, which can be challenging for learners.

Participants will be asked to complete a series of tasks that assess their interpretation and usage of ser and estar in various sentences. These tasks are designed to evaluate their understanding and to identify any differences in interpretation between native speakers and learners.

• Who can participate: Participants include native Spanish speakers and individuals who are learning Spanish at an advanced or intermediate level. There are no specific age criteria.
• Study details: Participants will engage in tasks that involve interpreting sentences using the verbs ser and estar. These tasks aim to assess their understanding of these verbs in different contexts. There is no placebo or inactive comparison in this study.